Alternate Stat Arrays for Ironsworn

When creating your character to play Ironsworn (or Starforged or various other spin-offs), you have a simple yet difficult choice to make: how do you distribute your stats? Your answer will majorly influence your story as it determines how likely you are to succeed or fail at the many different Moves available to you.

By default, Ironsworn offers you an array of the numbers 3, 2, 2, 1, and 1 to distribute across your five attributes (Edge, Heart, Iron, Shadow, and Wits). This lets you pick one stat to be your strongest, two to have a solid score in, and two to be slightly deficient in (though not too bad - an action roll at +1 still has a 55% chance of rolling a hit). That works out to 30 different ways to arrange your stats.

But what if you wanted more options? Higher stats, lower stats, or just a different distribution? Below, I will examine some possibilities and discuss how they might affect your game of Ironsworn (or Starforged or other spin-off).

(If you want to delve into the math behind how stats determine your odds on a roll, check out this blog post on Basic Probability in Ironsworn by Marx Shepherd.)

Official Alternatives from Lodestar

Ironsworn: Lodestar is primarily a quick reference guide for the rules, moves, and oracles of Ironsworn. However, it also includes one significant new optional rule: alternative arrays for your starting attributes. Lodestar presents three suggestions:

• Challenging: 4, 3, 3, 2, 2
• Perilous (default): 3, 2, 2, 1, 1
• Grim: 3, 2, 1, 1, 0

Compared to the default, the Challenging array is simply the result of adding +1 to all your stats. This will tend to make the game significantly easier, as your best stat is even better, and your worst stats are as good as the default array's middle stats. Your actual odds on each roll aren't hugely different. In fact, the number of weak hits will be almost the same (still around 40%). However, misses tend to trigger the need to make additional moves (especially if you choose big narrative complications), which can lead to more misses. So, the cumulative effect of having fewer misses in the first place really adds up.

On the flip side, the Grim array subtracts a point from two of your stats (compared to the default). Your best attribute will still be at 3, but you only get a single 2, and your worst attribute will be all the way down at 0, where your chance of a hit is only 41%. This isn't as big of a difference from the default as the Challenging array is in the other direction, but it can still make your game quite difficult if you dare to try it. A lot will also depend on which stat you put your 0 in and how often you actually need to roll it. A very honest, straightforward character with 0 Shadow probably won't mind the low stat nearly as much as a character with 0 Heart who finds themselves struggling to swear iron vows or recover their resources via sojourning.

The Challenging array may be a good choice if you want an overall lighter and more heroic tone for your campaign, with fewer complications and less risk. The Grim array may be worth trying if you really want to test your mastery of the system or play a darker campaign where your character struggles to survive in the face of overwhelming odds.

However, as Lodestar hints, those are not the only options available to you...

Cooking Up Homebrew Alternatives

If we want to invent our own stat arrays, it's worth doing a little analysis on the suggested ones first. How many total stat points do you get, and how evenly are they distributed? Here's the breakdown: 

• Challenging: 14 total points, one best stat, difference of 2 between best and worst
• Perilous (default): 9 total points, one best stat, difference of 2 between best and worst
• Grim: 7 total points, one best stat, difference of 3 between best and worst

That gives a general idea of what Ironsworn is designed around and considers "balanced" (though as with any TTRPG, "balance" is hard to define and shouldn't be clung to too tightly). It's also worth noting that a few assets and the optional rules in Ironsworn for increasing attributes with XP reference a cap of 4 on any given stat. Given those parameters, here are some other arrays worth considering (though feel free to make your own as well):

• Jack of all Trades: 2, 2, 2, 2, 1. Total points: 9. With this spread, you have few weaknesses, but no real strength to differentiate your character. They might end up feeling bland.
• Wide Spread: 4, 3, 2, 1, 0. Total points: 10. This is almost like a compromise between the Challenging and Grim arrays, with higher highs and lower lows than the default array. This will probably feel easier than the default overall, especially if you find ways to avoid rolling your weakest stat.
• Over-specialized: 4, 4, 1, 0, 0. Total points: 9. Be awesome in two areas and lacking everywhere else. I don't really recommend this one, but it's interesting to think about how far you can take these ideas.
• Broader Competence: 3, 3, 2, 2, 1. Total points: 11. Good for when you just can't decide which stat should be your highest.  This isn't as strong as the Challenging array, because you don't get a 4, and you still have a weak stat, but it's still noticablely stronger than Perilous.
• Extra Grim: 2, 1, 1, 0, 0. Total points: 4. This is the default array minus 1 from each stat. I would never use this solo or even in a small group. However, for a large enough group of players who like to min-max, this could bring back some of the challenge that is lost compared to smaller games.

Of course, you could also make even more extreme or silly arrays, such as a 9 and four 0s, or just 3s across the board, but I'd bet most of those are more fun to think about than to actually play.

Stat Arrays and Assets

Whichever spread of attributes you go with, you've still got to consider your Asset choices. For the most part, this part doesn't change much - you still want to think about whether to specialize in your best stats or compensate for your worst - but there are few small considerations:

• The bigger the difference between your best stat and your worst, the more value you can get out of assets that let you substitute one stat for another on certain rolls. With the default array, these assets are never better than a +2 bonus, but with a wider spread, they could be effectively a +3 or even +4 difference.
• Some Assets let you roll with a set number that isn't an attribute, such as a Companion's health value. These also may seem more or less attractive depending on how high the stat is you'd normally roll for that kind of Move.
• Some Assets, such as Oathbreaker, let you permanently raise a stat or shift points from one stat to another. Many of these have a cap of +4. It can be worth considering if you're expecting to get any of these at some point and whether you'll hit the cap given your starting array.

What Doesn't Change

Remember that no matter what your stats are, progress Moves don't use them. That means your odds on Moves like Reach Your Destination, End The Fight, and Fulfill Your Vow will be exactly the same regardless of your chosen attributes. Choosing the right time to make those moves can have just as big of an impact on the twists and turns of your story as your attributes will.

Also remember that you still get to choose for yourself what success and failure mean in your story, regardless of how frequently they each happen. How you choose to Pay the Price  especially has a large effect on the tone and difficulty of the game. If you want an easier or harder game, or a lighter or darker tone, shifting your approach to the narrative can do as much or more than shifting your stats.

Conclusion

I hope this article helped you think about what stats you might want to give your next PC. There are a lot of options to choose from, and no right or wrong answer except what works for you. Just remember that the further you stray from the default, the more your experience will differ from what Ironsworn normally expects.

More Ranks for Ironsworn and Starforged

Ironsworn, Starforged, and related games use a simple set of five Ranks (Troublesome, Dangerous, Formidable, Extreme, and Epic) for setting the difficulty of vows, journeys, and combat and tracking your progress. These cover a pretty broad range of possibilities, but they aren't perfect. I'd like to propose some additions that might be useful.

Going below Troublesome

For a Troublesome progress track, you mark 3 boxes at a time. Marking progress twice is enough for a good chance of a hit, three times is solid, and four times fills the entire track. But what about tasks where even that short of a track feels too long? Well, how about...

• Bothersome: Mark 5 boxes per progress. Only two progress needed to fill it! If you Fulfill Your Vow or make another progress move that gives Legacy Track progress and score a strong hit with a match, take 1 XP (in Ironsworn) or 1 tick on the appropriate Legacy Track (in Starforged). On any other result, this does not give any XP or Legacy Track progress.
• Nuisance: Don't roll Swear an Iron Vow or any other such Move for this, and don't make a progress track. This task is complete once you score a hit on a single relevant move. Then, you may Reach A Milestone on a related vow or Develop Your Relationship with a relevant contact, if one exists.
• Trivial: Don't make any Move at all for this. Simply narrate how you easily accomplish the task. There are no rewards for completion.

Now, you may be wondering why even bother with Ranks for such low-effort tasks. Well, I feel like giving them names and thinking about how they extend the scale of difficulty is useful, because it helps you make more deliberate choices about difficulty and how much narrative focus to give a task. I've noticed some players seem to treat Troublesome as a sort of minimum difficulty for any new task or complication, especially ones generated by weak hits and misses on Moves like Compel, Gather Information, and Forge A Bond. Yet it is completely valid to deal with something in a single Move (Nuisance difficulty, which is equivalent to moves like Battle for combat and Set A Course for travel) or even no Moves at all!

Filling in the Gaps

From Dangerous up to Epic, each step up or down a rank doubles the amount of progress required. That works well enough, but sometimes you want something that falls in-between. For those situations, I propose the following (listed XP is for Ironsworn, Legacy Track ticks are for Starforged):

• Dangidible: 6 ticks per progress. On a strong hit, gain 2.5 XP or 3 Legacy Track ticks.
• Fortreme: 3 ticks per progress. On a strong hit, gain 3.5 XP or 6 Legacy Track ticks.
• Extic: 1.5 ticks per progress. On a strong hit, gain 4.5 XP or 10 Legacy Track ticks.

How exactly to track half-ticks and half-XP is left as an exercise for the reader.

Going above Epic

If you want a vow that takes longer than the already absurd Epic rank provides, you could simply mark half of a tick per progress. However, a far more interesting and useful technique is to simply say that each Milestone requires completing an entire quest of its own. That can easily triple the amount of effort involved, or more. Plus, you'll earn XP or Legacy Track ticks for each sub-quest along the way!

Disclaimer

The above suggestions are not meant entirely seriously. The author of this blog takes no responsibility for any choice paralysis which may ensue when deciding between so many marginally different ranks, nor for any frustration or pacing issues experienced due to excessive quest-nesting.

Scaling Up Ironsworn, Part 3: Combat

Welcome to Part 3 of my series on Scaling Up Ironsworn. In this post, I'll address one big issue and one smaller related problem you might run into when playing Ironsworn, Starforged, or similar games with a larger group of players. You can find the intro and overview for this topic in my earlier post here. Links to the rest of the series are at the bottom.

Big Problem #3: Combat Is Over Too Fast

With more players, combat can end much too quickly. For example, a Formidable combat takes around 3 to 5 hits on Strike or Clash to fill up the progress track. For a solo player, that’s a decent challenge which will likely involve some back-and-forth as they gain and lose initiative. For a large group, that same combat might be over by the time each player has taken a single turn. Such short combats can be unsatisfying and anticlimactic.

The problem is made worse in combination with the scaling issues I discussed in earlier posts. Large groups will likely enter combat with their resources tracks mostly full and plenty of Momentum, unless they've been making the game harder for themselves. I've also noticed that most players prioritize having decent Iron or Edge, along with at least one combat Asset. That means parties rarely have anyone who is bad at combat.

All that can take combat, which should be dramatic and dangerous, and make it feel safe and unexciting. Fortunately, there are some simple adjustments you can use to bring back the fun.

Here's how to adjust combat so it lasts longer and feels more challenging:

• Choose higher rank enemies, whether tougher individuals or larger packs.
• In Ironsworn, fight multiple enemies with individual progress tracks.
• In Starforged, invent combat scenarios with multiple objectives, so there are more tracks to fill.
• Add more narrative complications that have to be dealt with, so it's harder for players to just Strike their way to a quick victory. For example, “Oh no, the enemy can fly, so you can’t get close enough to Strike +iron unless you do something about it first,” or “Oh no, that enemy is wearing a prototype powered armor suit which is impervious to small arms. You can’t Strike or Clash against it until you find a weakness or other solution.”
• When a PC rolls badly and ends up without Initiative or In A Bad Spot, don’t immediately turn the camera away to another PC. Instead, stay with the current player and have them Clash, Face Danger, or React Under Fire at least once before going to someone else’s turn. That way, they get to experience the consequences of their failure and maybe suffer further before there is a chance for the combat to end or an ally to come to their rescue.
• Realize that with more players, not every character needs to be good at combat. It's fine to specialize in other areas and not worry about "pulling your weight" in combat. In fact, a character who is particularly skilled at exploring, socializing, or solving problems in other ways can make a big difference by helping the party avoid combat in the first place or be more prepared for it when it does happen.

Small Problem #3: Narrating Combat When The Foes Are Outnumbered

This is really more of a narrative problem than a mechanical issue, but it's closely related to the rest of this post, so I felt like discussing it. (Plus, it rounded out the count of Big and Small problems for the series.)

When there are more PCs than enemies in a fight, it can be difficult to reconcile the mechanical outcomes of Moves with the narrative, particularly on failed rolls. The most common problem is when a PC rolls a Miss on a Strike from long range. If all the enemies are already engaged in melee with someone else, how do any of them threaten the PC who just missed? Per the rules, they should lose initiative / be in a bad spot, but there is no obvious danger for them to face with their next Move. Players may struggle to come up with a satisfying narrative resolution that doesn't make the shooter look incompetent or make enemies seem like they're teleporting across the battlefield to attack.

The fundamental issue is that it can be hard to envision how a single enemy can threaten multiple PCs at the same time. Honestly, this is one problem for which I'd say there is no perfect solution, but with a bit of creativity it can at least be mitigated much of the time.

Here are some ways to make combat more engaging when the foes are outnumbered:

• Make the terrain, environment, or battlefield itself a threat to the PCs by including rockslides, unstable platforms, collapsing ceilings, fire, storm winds, traps, automated security systems, and other such hazards.
• Give your enemies extreme size, unusually long reach, extra mobility, ranged attacks, area attacks, or other such advantages so they can threaten more of the party at once. For example, in a fight against a vampire, my party decided that he could summon and direct flocks of bats to attack from a distance.
• Consider the risk of friendly fire. A "threat" could be, "I can't safely attack the enemy until I get into a better position."
• Have key equipment break or malfunction. Re-stringing a bow, clearing a jammed rifle, or restarting the flux capacitor is much more difficult in the middle of combat.
• Introduce reinforcements or another new enemy as a way to Pay the Price, or avoid the problem in the first place by giving a major foe allies or minions. That eldritch horror has cultists. The dragon has a mate. Station security shows up, but they've already been bought out by the mob boss. Etc.

Conclusion and Links

I hope you find this analysis and advice helpful in your own Ironsworn games. For more on this topic, just follow the links:

Intro and Overview for this series

Part 1: Stat and Asset Coverage

Part 2: Resource Tracks and Aid Your Ally

Part 3: Combat (<- you are here)

The Worst Rule in Ironsworn

"Make the most obvious negative outcome happen."

(Disclaimer: I wouldn't be writing this if I didn't love Ironsworn. I have very few complaints about the game, but I found one I couldn't resist writing about. Thus, the clickbait title, which I half-apologize for.)

The "obvious negative outcome" rule comes from page 105 of the Ironsworn core rulebook, as part of the Move Pay the Price (often shortened to "PtP"). It's in Starforged as well, so this all applies there too. From what I've seen in play reports and discussed in the Ironsworn community, no other rule has caused as much confusion and frustration for players and guides. I strongly suspect this rule is responsible for a significant portion of Ironsworn's undeserved reputation as a grim, gritty, and deadly game where you should fully expect your character to be killed off at any time. The reality is, adventures in Ironsworn are only as dangerous as you choose to make them, though it takes some system mastery to tune the experience to your tastes.

Before we dive into my reasoning for why the "obvious negative outcome" rule is the worst in Ironsworn and what can be done about it, let's back up and establish some context. If you're already pretty familiar with Ironsworn's rules and Pay the Price, feel free to skip ahead to "What's so bad about this rule anyway?"

What is Pay the Price (or PtP for short)? It is the Move you make in Ironsworn when you suffer a negative outcome from another Move. That usually means you rolled a Miss on something else, though it can also trigger off a weak hit on certain moves like Clash. PtP tells you how to decide what consequences you suffer. It's similar to the GM Moves from other Powered by the Apocalypse (PbtA) games, but designed to support GM-less play by being a bit more concrete and allowing the player(s) to choose a consequence for themselves.

Here is the text of Pay the Price:

"When you suffer the outcome of a move, choose one.

• Make the most obvious negative outcome happen.
• Envision two negative outcomes. Rate one as ‘likely’, and Ask the Oracle using the yes/no table. On a ‘yes’, make that outcome happen. Otherwise, make it the other.
• Roll on the following table. If you have difficulty interpreting the result to fit the current situation, roll again."

This is followed by an oracle table of possible outcomes, such as "Something of value is lost or destroyed" or "It is harmful." Depending on the result you choose or roll, PtP may lead to a narrative consequence (such as angering an NPC), a mechanical consequence (such as losing Health), or both. Those consequences can then trigger other Moves, such as Endure Harm or Face Danger. Over the course of a campaign, you'll be dealing with Pay the Price a lot, so the results will heavily shape your story and the difficulty you face.

What's so bad about this rule anyway?

In short, because it implicitly encourages players to choose simple, direct consequences most of the time, and especially ones that cost Health. This problem is usually most noticable and severe in combat, but it happens in other contexts too.

Here's how it commonly goes:

• "I need to roll Face Danger to (climb a cliff / swim across a river / evade an enemy's attack)."
• "Oops, I rolled a Miss. Time to Pay The Price."
• "Hmm, it says to make the most obvious negative outcome happen. Well, what's most obvious here would be to (fall off the cliff / start drowning / get stabbed)."
• "Guess it's time to Endure Harm and then try again."

Now, there's nothing terribly wrong with that sequence of events, if it happens occasionally, but it shouldn't be the default. Choosing mechanical hits instead of narrative complications too often can make your story uninteresting and lead to your character suffering excessively or even dying, leaving you unsatisfied and frustrated.

Yet time after time I see conversations like this:

• New player: "This game is so hard! I did just one Dangerous rank combat and nearly died!"
• Experienced players: "Well, did you make yourself lose Health on every Miss?"
• New player: "Of course, because the game says to make the most obvious negative result happen. In combat, that means losing Health, right?"

Why do so many players fall into this trap? I think there are several factors. The biggest one is probably that many players are used to other RPGs, board games, and video games where losing hit points is the primary or only consequence for failure, and where combat often boils down to taking turns trading blows until somebody dies. But also...

• "Obvious negative outcome" is the first option listed in PtP. Studies show that most people are slightly biased toward choosing the first option from a list. Additionally, players may assume that the first option must be the default or most recommended, or that the other two options are only for when there isn't an "obvious" result.
• It's easier and faster to just choose an outcome, compared to rolling on the full table and interpreting the result, or coming up with two options and rolling to see which one happens.
• Some players may only read the rules and moves once, then rely on their memory, or merely skim for a quick reminder, rather than referencing the full text of the move. It's easier to remember the simple "obvious negative outcome" rule than the rest of PtP.

Is this really the worst rule, though? It's not like the rule is logically or mathematically broken. In fact, when applied correctly and judiciously, the "obvious negative outcome" rule is a time-saver that helps keep the story flowing. It also lets players know it's okay to just pick something instead of always rolling for a random result. The main reason I dislike this rule so strongly is because it can cause new players to bounce off Ironsworn (due to its perceived difficulty) before they've had a chance to learn how to handle it and experience how awesome Ironsworn can be. The secondary reason is because I believe it would only take two tiny changes to fix most of the problem.

So, what's the solution?

Oddly enough, the main fix is already there in the Ironsworn rulebook, on page 104, where it discusses how to use the two Fate Moves (Ask The Oracle and Pay the Price). Specifically, it suggests...

"If an answer to a question or the result of a situation is obvious, interesting and dramatic, make it happen." (Emphasis added)

Those three extra words make all the difference. They prompt players to choose an outcome that is fun and engaging, not just one that follows logically from the setup. Unfortunately, that text is easily overlooked during play, because it isn't in the Move itself. I would love to see Pay The Price amended to say...

"Make the most obvious, interesting, and/or dramatic negative outcome happen."

Additionally or alternatively, I think it could be helpful to move this line down so it is presented as the second or third option in PtP. That might make it feel less like the default approach and more like an option on par with the other two.

Ok, but how do I come up with better ideas for consequences?

Even once you realize that getting hurt doesn't have to be so common, it can still be hard to come up with alternatives that don't feel like a stretch. Rolling on the Pay The Price table is one option, but some players may dislike that randomness or struggle to interpret the results. Below are some suggestions for how to spark your creativity. With practice, you will find yourself coming up with consequences that feel interesting, dramatic, and obvious.

• Read through the Oracle table in PtP again from time to time. Notice how most of the results are not directly harmful or stressful. Even if you aren't rolling on it, the table can be very useful for sparking ideas for consequences.
• Go re-watch some of your favorite action or adventure movies. Think about each story beat and whether it feels like a strong hit, weak hit, or miss for the protagonist. Pay attention to the action scenes and notice what else happens to the heroes besides getting hurt. Usually, a lot of narrative complications get introduced before anyone takes a serious wound. Mine your favorite media for examples.
• Try to think of at least one possible negative outcome before making a Move. If you can't think of anything interesting, that might mean this isn't a dramatic or high-stakes enough moment to bother rolling.
• Sometimes use success-at-a-cost or "yes, but..." outcomes to "fail forward" on a Miss. For example, instead of falling down from the cliff you were climbing, you get to the top only to find a nest of angry harpies in your way.
• Break down a big consequence into smaller steps. This lets you ratchet up the stakes and tension across multiple rolls. For example, on a Journey or Expedition, one Miss could mean simply "the weather is starting to look bad", and the second Miss is where you say,  "now the thunderstorm is rolling in, time to find shelter." Or for a combat example, instead of getting knocked off a cliff due to one bad roll, you can have stages like "oh no, I've been pushed closer to the cliff", "oh no, I'm teetering on the edge of the cliff", and "oh no, I'm clinging to the top of the cliff for dear life."
• Try to have stakes and goals in combat other than "let's see who dies first." For example, if you are fighting to protect an NPC, a threat of injury to them is a great "obvious" consequence.
• Think about your enemy's fighting style and approach to combat (or other forms of conflict). Use the combat action Oracle for inspiration as well. Then, when you lose initiative or are in a bad spot, don't just say, "they attack me." Choose an action or tactic like "they try to disarm me," "they try to intimidate me," or "they try to lure me into terrain that favors them." Then, if you fail your next roll, the "obvious" outcome will be the result of whatever your opponent was trying to do.
• Add some detail to the environment in combat. A fight should rarely take place on a flat, open plain or in an empty arena. Trees, cliffs, mud, stairs, walls, fences, boulders, pits, traps, and so on all provide opportunities for you and your opponent to fight in more interesting ways, which can then generate more options for consequences.
• If you feel that a particular failure deserves a mechanical hit, or you don't feel like coming up with a narrative complication, remember that Health, Spirit, Supply, and Momentum are all valid ways to pay that cost. Maybe instead of getting hurt, you had a close call that frightened you, or you lost or wasted valuable supplies, or you were delayed or put at a minor disadvantage.

Conclusion

I hope this post was helpful. If you have other ideas for how to generate fun Pay the Price results, or you disagree with me about what deserves the title of "worst rule in Ironsworn", leave a comment, or find me on the Ironsworn discord server and let me know!

Scaling Up Ironsworn, Part 2: Resource Tracks and Aid Your Ally

Welcome to Part 2 of my series on Scaling Up Ironsworn. In this post, I'll address one big issue and one smaller related problem you might run into when playing Ironsworn, Starforged, or similar games with a larger group of players. You can find the intro and overview for this topic in my earlier post here. Links to the rest of the series are at the bottom.

Big Problem #2: More Resource Tracks To Absorb Consequences 

With more players, the party can take more punishment in total, because each PC has their own Health, Spirit, and Momentum tracks. A solo PC has a total of 15 points of Health + Spirit + Supply, while a party of three PCs has 35 points instead. If damage is spread around fairly evenly, it can take a lot more failures before anyone is at risk of running out and taking a Condition like Wounded or Shaken. This is the opposite of the common issue solo players face where they are too harsh on themselves and deplete their resources tracks too quickly, thus making Ironsworn much deadlier than it was meant to be. Instead, in a large party, it can feel like nobody is every really in danger. On top of that, recovery is easier, both because of Big Problem #1 above and because some recovery Moves like Sojourn and Make Camp scale with the number of PCs. 

Here's how to adjust for the larger resource pool of large parties:

• When someone needs to Pay The Price, lean toward hitting their Health or Spirit (especially in combat), and hitting it hard, rather than letting them get away with just a small Momentum loss or merely a narrative downbeat. (Yes, this is the opposite of the standard "stop hitting yourself so hard" advice given for solo games.)
• Alternatively, target shared tracks such as Supply and ship Integrity to hit the whole party. By adjusting how often you suffer direct hits to different tracks, you can tweak the difficulty to your liking.
• Limit the use of recovery Moves to when they are definitely justified in the narrative, and introduce obstacles and complications which may prevent recovery Moves until they are dealt with. For example, a character who lost Health due to poison or disease might need to seek out a specific antidote or cure before they can recover Health via Heal or Sojourn. 

Small Problem #2: Aid Your Ally Spam

When a PC is about to make a risky Move, a natural impulse is for other players to want to help. Aid Your Ally is a great Move to let another character share the spotlight and generate some Momentum or a bonus to the main roll. However, it can get out of hand. If players roll Aid Your Ally before almost every move, and especially if multiple players do so, the added bonuses and Momentum can make failure much rarer. This compounds with the previously discussed issue of broad stat and Asset coverage, since players will usually try to Aid with their best stat if at all possible. Additionally, the extra rolls can slow down the game, especially if the players need extra time to brainstorm a way to Aid before every roll.

Here are some ways to combat Aid Your Ally spam:

• Set a limit (1 or 2 is good) on how many PCs can Aid before the main Move is made. Even if multiple PCs are assisting narratively, just have the PC who is best suited to it make the Aid roll, unless each contributing PC is helping out in a meaningfully different way.
  
• Be strict about narratively justifying how the PC is helping. Ask the player to be specific, and make sure the stat they want to use makes sense. "I'll roll with Heart to cheer them on!" is fine and sometimes valid, but doesn't work in every situation. "I'll just roll the same stat as them because I'm helping," is too vague. How are you helping?
• If nobody can come up with an obvious way to help, just make the main roll and move on.
  
• Enforce the consequences for a failed Aid roll. They usually shouldn't be as large as if you failed at the main Move, but a small Momentum loss, narrative downbeat, or minor complication can be good. Don't just say, "Oops, guess I didn't help that much."

Conclusion and Links

I hope you find this analysis and advice helpful in your own Ironsworn games. For more on this topic, just follow the links:

• Intro and Overview for this series
• Part 1: Stat and Asset Coverage
• Part 2: Resource Tracks and Aid Your Ally (<- you are here)
• Part 3: Combat

I am the very model of an Ironsworn protagonist

 (to the tune of "Modern Major General")

I am the very model of an Ironsworn protagonist

I've chosen very carefully three assets from the asset list

My stat array is Challenging, my background vow is TBD

And each one of my starting bonds was rolled up very randomly

I'm very well acquainted, too, with challenge dice and action rolls

I'm hoping to do battle with some elder beasts and ugly trolls

And when I swore my starting vow, of course I rolled a match and missed

I am the very model of an Ironsworn protagonist!

I am the very model of an Ironsworn protagonist

I've got a case of OCD, or so says my psychiatrist

'cause every little thing I do I turn into a solemn vow

Because for getting sweet XP the rulebook says that that is how

A journey merely Troublesome will likely give me angry fits

Because I thought it harmless to select a stat of one in Wits

With every miss I introduce a side-quest worthy epic twist

I am the very model of an Ironsworn protagonist!

In fact, when I know what is meant by "making camp" and "sojourning"

When I know how to Pay The Price without a resource track draining

When I can Reach A Milestone without getting completely lost

When I remember momentum's a valid way to pay a cost

When I can run a combat without ever really losing track

Of when I lose initiative and when I'm supposed to get it back

In short, when I have read the rules, and well, I think you get the gist

You'll say that I'm a better model Ironsworn protagonist!

Scaling Up Ironsworn, Part 1: Stat and Asset Coverage

Welcome to Part 1 of my series on Scaling Up Ironsworn. In this post, I'll address one big issue and one smaller related problem you might run into when playing Ironsworn, Starforged, or similar games with a larger group of players. You can find the intro and overview for this topic in my earlier post here. Links to the rest of the series are at the bottom.

Big Scaling Problem #1: Broad Stat And Asset Coverage

With more players, the party has a broader spread of stats and more total Assets. There are only five basic stats in Ironsworn (Edge, Heart, Iron, Shadow, and Wits). With five players, you can have someone with each of those as their best stat, leaving the party with no obvious weaknesses. Even with just two players, you can arrange things so each PC's high or middle stats cover the other PC's low stats. If you usually have the player with the best stat and assets for the current situation make the Move, they will succeed much more often than a solo PC or smaller group would. More successes means more Momentum gets generated, which then helps mitigate the misses that do get rolled. Misses on action rolls can become rare enough to make the story predictable and leave players feeling unchallenged.

Here's how to adjust for and challenge a party with broad competence:

• Be strict about interpreting which stats and assets can be used for any given move. Don’t let a player roll with their best stat and asset bonuses unless it definitely makes sense in the narrative. Don’t let them weasel their way into things like, “Yeah, I’m dodging the blaster fire, but I’m doing it smartly, so I’m gonna roll Wits instead of Edge, because my Wits is higher."
• Create situations where each player has to make their own roll. For example, "Oh no, the cave we’re in is about to collapse, we all need to Face Danger +Edge to get out in time"
• Create situations where a PC is forced to roll with one of their weaker stats or can't leverage their best stat.
• Create situations where more than one Move is required to accomplish a task. More rolls means more chances that someone will fail and suffer a consequence. Scene Challenges are great for this, but you can also just zoom in on a task and break it into two or three steps or add a complication.
• Don't be afraid to split the party or create situations where PC who would be best at the task is unavailable or otherwise occupied.
• Agree as a group to occasionally take turns rolling, even if it isn't "optimal". For example, on Expeditions, take turns being the Expedition leader and making the Undertake an Expedition Move, instead of having the player with the highest bonus always roll.

On the flip side of having broad coverage, you might also have to deal with...

Smaller Problem #1: Overlapping Builds

Ironsworn characters are already broadly competent by default. With only five core stats, each one covers a variety of situations. In a large party, it is easy to end up with two PCs who are both equally good at something because they put their highest bonus in the same stat for different reasons. For example, one player wants to be a scout or explorer, while the other wants to be a healer. Since Undertake a Journey/Expedition and Heal both rely on the Wits stat, both players might choose Wits as their top stat (though with different Assets to help them specialize in their chosen area). Then, when it comes time to Gather Information, which also runs on Wits, both PCs have the same bonus. Who gets to make the roll?

It's even worse when one player invests in a stat and a related Asset, but another player ends up just as good or even better at some of the same Moves. For example, in Ironsworn, a player with 2 Shadow and the Trickster Asset has the same chance to succeed at a Compel to deceive someone as the player who chose 3 Shadow but took different assets.

Overlapping builds don't break anything or make the game significantly harder, but they feel bad for two main reasons. One is that players may feel they "wasted" resources on being good at something that another PC has covered. The other is that players may feel like they're competing for spotlight time.

On the other hand, you might find that having builds which overlap a bit can be a benefit. It can give you coverage for when the PC with the best stat can't be the one to make a particular Move for some narrative reason. It's also fine if the area of overlap is something where multiple PCs can contribute, such as combat, especially if that type of challenge will come up frequently in your game. The other benefit of overlapping builds is that it can leave the party with a more obvious weakness (such as having nobody with high Shadow when you need to sneak around), which mitigates the problem of broad coverage discussed above and can create opportunities for fun challenges and drama.

Here's how to prevent issues with overlapping builds:

• Create your PCs as a group, so players can notice if their build is stepping on anyone's toes and change it before the game starts.
• Choose Assets that emphasize your strengths and align with your best stat(s), rather than shoring up your weaknesses.
• If two PCs end up with the same top stat, make sure they have Assets that differentiate them mechanically and background/personality differences to distinguish them narratively.
• If two PCs are equally good at a task, try to take turns with who handles it (especially Delve The Depths in Ironsworn and Undertake an Expedition in Starforged, since they offer a choice of which stat to use and you might roll them many times in one session) or give the spotlight to whoever hasn't gotten to roll in a while.

Conclusion and Links

I hope you find this analysis and advice helpful in your own Ironsworn games. For more on this topic, just follow the links:

• Intro and Overview for this series
• Part 1: Stat and Asset Coverage (<- you are here)
• Part 2: Resource Tracks and Aid Your Ally
• Part 3: Combat